Friday, February 9, 2018

Cape Town, South Africa (3 Days)

            Wednesday, 7 Feb 2018 – This afternoon at about 1:00 PM the Insignia docked at Cape Town and our tour was scheduled for 2:00.  Since we had finishing eating breakfast at about 10:00 AM, we waited as long as possible to eat a very light lunch and then hurried to the Lounge to check in for our tour by 1:45.  When Sally went to the front table, one of the ship’s excursion crew told her, after looking at the tour tickets that Sally handed her, that these tickets were for Fortaleza, Brazil!  (Fortaleza was when the Insignia had arrived in port too late for tours and Jesse hadn’t discarded the tickets; without his glasses, he had thought these tickets were for Cape Town!)  Since there wasn’t time to return to our cabin for the correct tickets, the young lady wrote up tickets by hand for us and sent us out to catch our bus.  What a start to the day!
Jeremy was our guide for the 4-hour scenic trip “Cape Town and Table Mountain” tour.  Table Mountain is Cape Town’s most celebrated landmark, and South Africans are obviously very proud of it.  By the way, although we think of this city as being at the southern tip of Africa, it’s actually on the western side, facing the Atlantic Ocean.  Several times, we heard comparisons of Cape Town to San Francisco, mainly because both are big cities facing the ocean on the west with many very steep streets.   However the mountains close to Cape Town are higher.  Our bus departed the pier for the drive up Kloof Nek (“gap neck” in English), the saddle between Table Mountain and Lion’s Head, en route to the Lower Cableway Station.
After arrival at the station, we all stood in line for 10 minutes or more, which we had expected, waiting to board a cable car.  At that point, we boarded a Swiss-engineered Rotair cable car, and ascended from the 1,190-foot Valley Station to the 3,477-foot Mountain Station.  The journey from the base to the summit takes just under four minutes, while the floor of the car rotates 360 degrees during the ascent and descent.  Standing just inside the entrance next to the window, Sally felt crowded into a small area and unsteady, thus she tried to hold onto the rail around the outside of the car.  This was the wrong thing to do, as the side kept rotating away from her.  For her, it was a confusing feeling because she seemed to see about the same scenery the entire time because taller people blocked much of her vision except what was directly in front.  (Coming back down, the cable car was not as full; then Sally could see the rotation of the floor that she stood on, and was more conscious of the scenery changing in front of her.)
Table Mountain gets its name from the flat-topped central massif of the mountain.  When viewed from the city, it is surrounded by Devil’s Peak on the left, Lion’s Head on the right, and Signal Hill in the foreground.  They form a sort of amphitheater that encloses the city center and some older suburbs.  Other suburbs are situated on either side of the chain of mountains, which run like a spine through the Cape Peninsula from Table Mountain to Cape Point, the cape for which Cape Town is named.
Atop Table Mountain
From the summit, the natural protected area stretching from Signal Hill to Cape Point has been managed under the custodianship of the National Parks Board.  This area is home to one of the highest concentrations of endemic plant and animal species in any area of its size.  (Plant species in the park number 2,285.)
Yes, the view from the summit was quite lovely, as several others of our friends commented to us as they passed by, admiring the scenery.  Looking down from various points, we could see mountains and forest, city, and ocean.  Massive boulders were scattered about along the periphery of the summit, and people could sit relaxing in the sun while eating a sandwich or an ice cream cone.
We saw a sign, “Don’t feed the dassies.  They might bite.”  What on earth is a dassie?  Then we saw an animal under one of the tables where people were sitting.  Jesse pointed and said, “See the rat!”  Well, it was larger than a rat and it was furry, with no tail.  Also, the dassie didn’t scamper; it trudged – and it didn’t appear to be afraid of people.  According to Wikipedia, the “rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) also called rock badger and cape hyrax,” is commonly referred to as the dassie.  (The name “dassie” means “hyrax” in Afrikans.)  Wikipedia also states that an almost unbelievable fact about Table Mountain’s dassies is that they are the closest related relatives to elephants, despite the enormous difference in size.
Later while discussing this tour, Jesse and I attempted to compare Table Mountain to other high points that we have reached by cable car or some other conveyance.  To Sally, it was less impressive than the “Christ the Redeemer” statue in Rio de Janeiro – but definitely worth seeing while in Africa.
After walking through several souvenir shops (with no purchases), we decided to descend by stairs from the fifth level instead of riding the elevator.  After underway, we regretted that decision somewhat; there were a lot of stairs!  Out in front, we waited for about 45 minutes until the rest of our group was together and we boarded the bus for our trip back to the pier.
Beach Photo Stop
On the return trip, the chosen route was along the shore, stopping once by a beach for photos.  We could see the Twelve Apostles, a mountain range extending from Table Mountain.  Jeremy didn’t know the source of that name.  In fact, Sally couldn’t count twelve peaks; after about eight, the location of the other four peaks was a matter of opinion.
We passed through possibly the highest-priced real estate in the Cape Town area, where one can have an ocean-side view.  Since it is illegal to block the view, the buildings closest to the beach are built so that the top is level with the road.  On the other side of the road, the buildings are built up from street level with the backs of the buildings seeming to butt against the high cliff behind them.  In that way, all of the buildings have a good view.
Although Jeremy once compared the Cape Town public beaches to those in Florida, there is really no comparison except for the nice sand.  Between the  beaches, large rocks can be seen, where swimmers would definitely not swim.  Also, the breakers looked rather large.  In addition, Florida swimmers would not be pleased with the sea water temperature at Cape Town, where temperatures peak at 66-72 degrees Fahrenheit at the end of January, and are at their lowest at 57-61 degrees about 10 August.  Compare these temps with those for Daytona Beach, where the water is warmest in early September (83 degrees) and coolest in February (59 degrees).  [The lowest temps are similar, but the highest temps are much different.]
We passed by the public swimming facilities, that include several types of pools.  However, Cape Town is now trying to cope with its worst drought in history, and those pools are not totally filled.  Overdevelopment, population growth, and climate change have upset the balance between water use and supply.  For months, citizens have been urged to consume less, but more than half of residents have ignored those voluntary restrictions.  So in January, the city requested even steeper cuts, asking residents to consume just 50 liters per day – less than one-sixth of what the average American uses.  (Washing one’s car or watering the lawn is illegal unless done with waste water.)  If consumption doesn’t drop steeply and quickly, everyone will be forced into “Day Zero,” where all will have to live on far less water – about 25 liters a day, less than typically used in four minutes of showering.  At that time (mid-April), the city will shut off taps to homes and businesses because reservoirs have gotten perilously low.  Four million people in Cape Town may have to stand in line surrounded by armed guards to collect rations of the region’s most precious commodity: drinking water.
Passengers on the Insignia also have been asked to conserve on water usage because the ship cannot load more tap water here.  More bottled water is being purchased, of course (it is provided free of charge onboard), but its cost has been driven up by water scarcity.
On some bus windows, we always see the words “EMERGENCY EXIT.”  Buses in South Africa have those words and also “NOOD UITGANG.”  Since “ausgang” (exit, in English) is used in the German language, Sally was curious about the words on the bus.  It turns out “nooduitgang” is Dutch, which she suspected.   (“Notausgang” is the German equivalent.)
 According to the last (2011) census, South Africa has 11 official languages.  The three most spoken languages are Zulu (22.7%), Xhosa (16%), Afrikaans (13.5%), and English (9.6%).  Despite the fact that English is recognized as the language of commerce and science, it ranks fourth as a language spoken by South Africans.  The other seven languages are tribal languages, whose names are not familiar to most Americans.
We were back on board the ship by 6:00 PM, and after resting a bit, we both enjoyed lobster for dinner – no dancing tonight.
Nobel Square (Near Mall) - L to R: Albert Luthuli (1960), Desmond Tutu (1984),
FW de Klerk (1993), & Nelson Mandela (1993)
Thursday, 8 Feb 2018 – Since we had no excursion scheduled for today, we decided to explore Cape Town on one of their Hop On Hop Off buses, which we boarded at about 1:45 PM for the 90-minute City Tour (one of the four available tours).  It turned out that the bus took pretty much the same route as we had taken for our Table Mountain Tour yesterday, so we didn’t see anything new.  We hopped off the bus at the Victoria Wharf Mall to do a little shopping, but did not purchase anything.  We re-boarded another “City Tour” bus and planned to exit the bus at the next stop nearest our cruise ship; however, the bus skipped the next three stops!  When we asked the driver about it, she said the road to those stops had been closed, but she will be returning there in another 90 minutes and would drop us off then.  By the time we reached Table Mountain (for the 3rd time), we needed to use the facilities, so we exited the bus.  We boarded the next City Tour bus for the remainder of our trip; however, when the bus stopped at the Victoria Wharf Mall, the driver told us that he would be skipping the next three stops (again)!  Since his next stop would be even farther from the ship, we decided to exit the bus at mall and walk back to the ship.  Although we had been told that it would be about a 10-minute walk, it took us about 30 minutes (turning in the wrong direction twice didn’t help!), and we re-boarded the ship, exhausted, at about 7:30 PM!  Too tired to dance, after dinner we retired for the night.
Friday, 9 Feb 2018 – We had booked an excursion for Robben Island, which is where exiles and prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, were imprisoned, as well as a place of confinement for lepers, lunatics, and the sick.  Since 1960, it has become synonymous with the political struggle against apartheid in South Africa.  The last political prisoners were released in 1991, and in 1997 the Robben Island Museum opened its doors to the public.  In 1999, Robben Island was declared a World Heritage Site.
However, neither of us was in peak condition, and Sally had managed to sleep less than 3 hours the previous night.  When the alarm came on at 6:15 AM, she said she could not go out on this excursion.  Jesse didn’t like missing the excursion (the cost of which would not be refunded to us), and he told Sally that he would have to go by himself.  However, after looking at the itinerary, he decided it wouldn’t be interesting enough for him to go.  In museums, generally Sally walks through and, if she finds it interesting (as she did the Mahatma Gandhi museum in India or the Kensington Palace in London, she reads everything – while Jesse finds a comfortable place to sit and waits for her!  Therefore, we stayed in the cabin and relaxed today.  Because of a strong wind, the pool was empty with a net over it, and there was no dancing.
We attended a lifeboat drill (our third) because new people boarded the Insignia yesterday and today, while it was in port, for the next segment of the world cruise.  After dinner, we danced for a half hour in the Insignia Lounge.

At Sea

            Tuesday, 6 Feb 2018 – At breakfast, we sat with Lois and Bob, another dancing couple.  Both retired now, Lois was a nurse who worked in the new born area; Bob was a chemical engineer.  Although we wanted to swim, the cold wind was coming from Antarctica, and the pool was sloshing wildly back & forth, so was soon closed.  Before dinner, Jesse sat for a haircut in the spa area.  The stylist had a very steady hand, which enabled her to do a great job, even though the ship was rocking under us.  After dinner, we colored each other’s hair – very carefully because we didn’t want to create stains in the bathroom.  Actually, we surprised ourselves with our neatness!  Today was about midway in our cruise, and the time had come for some personal upkeep.
Ship passengers have been asked to conserve water as much as possible.  Cape Town is suffering from a severe water shortage, and water is now rationed.  Because of this, the Insignia will not be getting more water there.
Today we also watched the movie “Cry of Freedom,” a 1987 movie in which Denzel Washington played Stephen Biko (1946-1977), a South African anti-apartheid activist.  Movies on a topic relating to the places the Insignia visits are shown on one TV channel for us to watch.  Biko was at the forefront of a grassroots anti-apartheid campaign in the 1960’s and 1970’s.  Following his arrest in August 1977, Biko was severely beaten by state security officers, resulting in his death.  More than 20,000 people attended his funeral.  In the movie, the military is shown gunning down children in a peaceful demonstration, killing 700 children and wounding over 4,000.  Until 1994, our marriage would have been illegal in South Africa!
Incidentally, if we had been home tonight, we would have attended the first Iowa caucus for the 2018 election.  We were sorry to have missed that!

Monday, February 5, 2018

Walvis Bay, Namibia (2 Days)

            Sunday, 4 Feb 2018 – Our alarm awoke us at 6:15 AM, far too early.  After breakfast we went to the Horizons Lounge as instructed to pick up our passports and hand them, along with landing documents, to a Namibian official.  Although this process involved standing in a very long line, much of the time Sally sat in chairs near the line.  Soon after that, we were on our way to a boat just a short way down the shore to start our 4-hour “Dolphin and Seal Cruise” on the Walvis Bay Lagoon.
The Republic of Namibia is located in southern Africa, with its western border being the Atlantic Ocean.  Namibia became a German colony in 1884 until World War I, after which South Africa occupied the colony.  In 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence, the country gained independence from South Africa.  Its large desert has resulted in Namibia having the second-lowest population density of any sovereign country, next to Mongolia, with a total population of about 2.5 million.
Map of Southern Africa


Pelican Attacking Sally
At the pier, the passengers were divided between the two boats.  Nick, the captain and guide on our boat (with 16 passengers) appeared to be of German descent; assisting him in physical tasks was a younger black man.  When we boarded, the two of us and three others climbed stairs to the upper level because Sally thought it might be better viewing from there.  The boat was soon out in a calm lagoon, with four pelicans closely following our boat.  The younger man tossed up fish, one at a time, some 6 inches long or longer, and the pelicans caught them in mid-air.  Soon, one large pelican came into the boat, sometimes sitting by the captain, who also fed her.  Then, the pelican got “close and personal” with us, sitting a little more than 2 feet from Sally.  Toward the end of the trip, maybe when the supply of fish had run out, the pelican started grabbing Sally by the leg and once by the arm with its large beak.  (If the bird had teeth, it would have been a bite.)  At that point, Sally pulled back, not wanting the huge bill to attack her face!
Sharing Refreshments with Bathsheba & Deiter
During much of this time, our boat was going toward Pelican Point, where a seal colony was crowded on the shore.  Early during our 4-hour excursion, a seal had leapt into the boat, but we were above and didn’t see him; later he left.  Nevertheless, near the end of our trip, we went below to partake in refreshments – sparkling wine, fresh oysters, and open sandwiches.  Suddenly, a seal leapt into the boat again, and for a while he was right beside us.  And did you know that seals shake off water like a dog after a bath?  We were given a little shower!  However, the captain warned us not to touch him because he might bite. Earlier, he had shown us a photograph of seal ripping a shark in half with its teeth!
Although Sally had hoped to see dolphins, a woman from the other boat later told Jesse that their captain said the dolphins had abruptly left the area about 3 weeks earlier.  Sally didn’t feel well after returning to the ship, so we skipped both swimming and dancing for the day.  Sally limited her dinner to soup, tea, and water, while Jesse overate, as usual.
Dune Mall
Monday, 5 Feb 2018 – Although our ship was still docked at Walvis Bay, Namibia for a second day, we had no tours scheduled.  Sally still didn’t feel up to shopping, but Jesse found out that it was easy to catch a shuttle to the brand new Dune Mall.  And so he went, didn’t get lost, and was back in the cabin in less than two hours.  It was interesting that the mall clerks almost always started talking to Jesse in another language before changing to English, apparently mistaking him for a local.  Although he had hoped to take a photo of a huge sand dune, a wall between the mall and the sand made that impossible. 
After lunch, Jesse went for a swim without Sally, and afterwards talked in the hot tub for quite a while with Jill, from Wales.  She was the woman from the other boat that told him about the dolphins leaving the area.  Also, the entire Super Bowl LII was being replayed played on one of the Insignia TV channels, but we satisfied ourselves with watching the much shorter recap.  (It had also been broadcast live, starting at 1:00 AM local time, but probably very few of our passengers were able to stay awake long enough to watch the whole game!)
Tonight was Indian night at the café.  Jesse tried many of the interesting items but Sally, not so much.  She hopes to feel well enough to swim and dance by tomorrow.

3 Days At Sea

            Thursday, 1 Feb 2018 – The ship was taking three days to sail southward along the west coast of Africa.  Today we slept late, running to eat breakfast before the café closed.  Later, we swam a half hour and later, danced for a half hour.  Tonight was Greek night in the café – we especially enjoyed the baklava for dessert.  Also, we set clocks ahead again.
Friday, 2 Feb 2018 – Today passed much the same as yesterday.  At the Horizons Lounge Christine and Spiro were dancing, too, and then we four sat together to eat in the café.  Although it was “fresh fish” night, we wondered if it was “fresh from the freezer” because the ship hadn’t been in port all day!
Saturday, 3 Feb 2018 – We were disappointed to see that the pool was closed (in fact, it was empty and covered) because of strong winds.  No swimming today!  In the late afternoon the lecturer was sitting in the lobby, available for questions.  (We don’t go to his talks, but we do watch his programs on the Insignia TV channel.)  In answer to Jesse’s questions about sources for the slave trade from West Africa, he provided three books on a USB thumb drive.

Saturday, February 3, 2018

São Tomé

            Wednesday, 31 Jan 2018 – The time to meet in the Insignia Lounge for our tour was given as 8:30 AM on our tickets, but as 8:00 in the “Currents” newsletter distributed each evening on the ship.  At any rate, while we waited until our number was called to board a tender for shore, we talked with another dancing couple, Bob and Lois (Austin, TX).  They were going on a bird-watching excursion.  Finally, our number was called; we boarded a tender at 9:10 AM and climbed into a bus on land at 9:35.  According to an announcement given then, the late time in leaving was caused by a medical emergency.
The island of São Tomé (St. Thomas is the English translation) lies south of Nigeria and is situated in the equatorial Atlantic and Gulf of Guinea about 190 miles off the northwest coast of Gabon.  It is considered to be part of West Africa.  The Portuguese came to the island of São Tomé about 1470 in search of land to grow sugar cane.  Before that, the island was uninhabited.
The equator runs through the southern tip of São Tomé, and the island is wet enough to grow sugar cane in wild abundance.  Its proximity to the African Kingdom of Kongo provided an eventual source of slave labor to work the sugar cane plantations.  Principe is a small island nearby, which was also part of the Portuguese colony until 1975, when São Tomé and Principe became a sovereign nation, with the city of São Tomé as its capital.
            Our 3.5-hour tour was “Highlights of São Tomé.”  Although there were other busses taking people on this same excursion, our bus had only seven people from the ship – which was great for us because we could receive a more personalized tour.  (Later, we wondered why our group was so small.  The seven of us might have been the last signed up for this tour to arrive at the meeting place because, by the time we realized that 8:00 might be our meeting time, it was already a little after that!  Therefore, we might have been in the “overflow” group, assigned to a bus with no air conditioning.  Yes, it was hot on the bus, but we wouldn’t have traded A/C for the small number of people in our tour group!)
Our guide was Jorge (George in English).  Besides us, bus passengers were Catherine & George (from Scotland, but they had lived many years in Tasmania, Australia before retiring and returning to Scotland); a couple from Belgium (who agreed with Sally that Belgian food is better than French food); and Natalie (a young lady from Poland who works in the Insignia spa as a masseuse). 
Sally with Giant Sea Tortoise
            First stop on this tour was the National Museum, which is housed in a Portuguese-built fortress from 1576 that overlooks the Atlantic Ocean.  Many of the items on display are religious in nature, attesting to the fact that São Tomé is predominately Catholic with several cathedrals, including one from the 16th century.  One room appeared to be dedicated to tortoises, with a huge one on display.  Although we saw signs in the museum prohibiting photography, Jorge told Jesse that it was okay for him to take photos and that he would be “responsible.”  The museum included two levels; we would visit some rooms while other groups would be in other rooms.  Afterward, we were unsure if the entire existing museum is surrounded by a wall, as well as by a moat (now empty), but we believe that it was.
At Museum with Insignia in the Background
From the museum, we visited the nearby Pantuflo fishing village, where we watched a traditional dance.  During the performance one “fisherman” dancer came into the group of 12 dancers, pulling, tied with a cord, a dancer whose red clothing suggested that he was a fish.  One of the dancers wore a large mask of a white man’s face.  Jorge explained (if we heard it correctly) that an old story tells of a sea captain who tried to kill a child, one of three brothers.  However, another brother gave the captain “the spirit,” after which the captain “joined them,” no longer seeking to kill them.  Since we were informed by ship information concerning this tour that some of these dances are historically enlightening and tell the story of the Portuguese settling here to operate sugar cane plantations, we wonder if perhaps an old sea captain might have been one of those settlers.
            After leaving the dancers, our bus drove farther, where children and young people were collecting shellfish among the black volcanic rocks along the beach.  Canoes (small fishing boats) were pulled up on the beach.  The houses in that area were small shanties.
            At that point, our bus turned around and returned to the city, where we went inside Our Lady of Grace Cathedral.  Jorge told us that this, the Cathedral of São Tomé Church (which it is also called), took about 400 years to build, being started in 1576 and finished in 1958.  [Wikipedia states that the original building probably dates from the fifteenth century; between 1576 and 1578, it was renovated; in 1757 the seat of the diocese moved to the island of Principe, where it remained for decades; in 1784 it was in poor condition with the front part in ruins; in 1814 it was restored again; in 1956 the last modification was made, which significantly altered the main façade.]  Although we drove by other churches, we went inside only the cathedral, which is quite pretty.  It was also relatively cool inside because of the very high ceiling, but there were fans on the wall when it was crowded with people for Mass.
            Very soon we stepped off the bus again at a city park, where a performance was in progress.  By the different type of clothing, we saw immediately that this was much different from the dances we’d been seeing with colorful costumes and enthusiastic dancers.  Ten people were lined up, and an eleventh was playing the flute.  In the back was a drummer.  Both the tune and movements of the dancers were melancholy.  Most dancers were dressed in European style, with most men in suits.  One woman, dressed in a long, white dress with a white veil was obviously impersonating a bride.  The “groom” was wearing a white suit and a captain’s hat.  One man appeared to be a priest, and the others might have been attendants.  Afterward, Sally asked Jorge what the performance was about.  Jorge replied that it was a tragedy, about a man who killed his uncle because he was in love with his uncle’s wife.  We watched for about 10 minutes until it ended.
At http://www.saotomeislands.com/  Sally found a more detailed description:  This play, the “Tragedy of the Marquis of Mantua and the Emperor Charlemagne,” is a tchilôli and was written by Baltazar Dias, a blind sixteenth-century Madeiran poet.  A tchilôli is a “hybrid” theater; it “retains the complete Portuguese Renaissance text, the original characters and the unities, but it adds many elements of African origin: the music, the choreography, the costumes, the musical instruments, the dances, the many mimed scenes and the pantomime.”  The play tells us how the Marquis discovers that his nephew has been stabbed to death, and how Prince Charlemagne, who is guilty of this crime, is condemned.  Although the entire “Tragedy” lasts for six hours, shorter versions last between one and three hours.
After our bus traveled a short way further, we walked through the large city market, which was partly in the open and partly under a roof.  Most items for sale were vegetables, but also we saw dried fish and other items.  Jesse asked Jorge how to say “hello” there, and he suggested “bon dia.”  After that, Jesse had a great time greeting the people, and several of them gave him a “thumbs up.”
Sally with Jackfruit
Jorge asked us if we had ever seen or eaten jackfruit; none of us had.  Then our bus parked at the “Y” where two streets came together, at a small market selling some vegetables and fruits.  Although Jorge said jackfruit is the largest fruit in the world, more correctly it is the largest tree-borne fruit.  The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical climates, and was grown in India as long as 3,000 to 6,000 years ago.  The shape of the fruit is a little like a watermelon, but the outside texture looks more like a cantaloupe.  Jorge gave each of us a taste of the fruit; we thought it tasted a little like pineapple.  One of the women there said something to Jorge and he translated to us.  The woman thought Jesse looked like a resident of São Tomé, which really made his day!  Sally commented that most of his African ancestors came from West Africa, which includes São Tomé .
            Our bus took us even a little further to a small shop, where we saw very nice carved statues and other things.  Probably Jorge thought one of us might like to spend more time shopping; if we had a larger group, at least one shopper might have spent more time in that store.  However, although we had finished 15 minutes early, at this point we had accomplished everything our tour was supposed to include.  Then Jorge asked if anyone would like to see anything else.  The Belgian couple asked if they could return to the market we had visited earlier, but to walk on the second floor there.  (We never knew their reason for this.)  However, we didn’t mind staying on the bus and talking with the couple from Scotland.
Dinner in the Tuscana Italian Restaurant
            By the time our bus returned to the tender port, and the tender returned to the ship, it was almost 2:00 – when lunch would stop being served in the café.  We hurried and barely made it in time for our soup, salad, and pecan pie (served that day for one choice of dessert).  After that, we swam for a half hour.  For dinner tonight, we met Rich and Helma at the Tuscana (the Italian restaurant), staying to talk afterward until 10:30.

At Sea

            Tuesday, 30 Jan 2018 – In most ways, this was a typical at-sea day, which we spent sleeping more and eating whenever possible.  We swam for our usual half hour.  In the café it was “African night.”  No, Gina, we didn’t sit on the floor and eat with our hands as we did in the Ethiopian restaurant in Seattle!  We had more “normal” food, such as chicken wings, barbecued ribs, fish, and veggies.  For dessert, one option was baklava – and we both ate some, along with other choices.  (Jesse had 5 desserts!)  While eating, we sat with Nicole and Ragene of Ontario, Canada.  Nicole retired from the Canadian army after 34 years of service.

Friday, February 2, 2018

Cotonou, Benin

           Monday, 29 Jan 2018 – Unfortunately, Sally awoke after less than 2 hours of sleep with leg cramps, and was awake until about an hour before our alarm went off (6:00).  The previous evening the captain had announced that our ship would need more refueling, but this would be done while at anchor.  “Don’t worry,” he said, our excursions would take place as planned.  However, Sally had heard considerable noise before 5:00 AM, at the end of the refueling process and pulling up of the anchor.  Later, it was announced that refueling had taken longer than expected and the ship would not dock at Cotonou, Benin until 10:00.  Even later, we learned that our group was to meet in the Lounge at 12:00 noon – instead of the original 8:15 AM.  Although the café opened for lunch earlier than usual (at 11:00), Sally managed to nap for an hour before that.
            The Republic of Benin is between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east.  It is twice as large as Togo, but only about 1/8 as large as Nigeria.  Benin is tropical and highly dependent on agriculture.  The official language of Benin is French.  However, indigenous languages such as Fon and Yoruba are commonly spoken.
            Our 5.25-hour long excursion, “Ouidah, the City of Voodoo,” began with the drive from Cotonou to Ouidah taking one hour each way.  Sheila, one of the other dancers often on the floor with us, sat behind us on the coach.  (Her husband, Bob, is less adventurous than she, and didn’t want to go, she told us.)  They are originally from New Jersey, but worked in Washington, DC; now they live in Charlotte, NC.  She tells people three words to remember her name: “Sheila, short, Charlotte.”  Two guides were with us: Sardau and Raoul.  Sitting in the back of the bus was also an armed guard!
            In “local tradition,” Kpasse supposedly founded the town, probably near the end of the sixteenth century.  The town was originally part of the Kingdom of Whydah (later spelled “Ouidah”).
Voodoo Statue
             After a one-hour drive to Ouidah, our first stop was the sacred Kpasse Forest for an introduction to the realm of voodoo deities.  Quite a number of statues were here, one of which was of a naked man with a huge, erect penis; this statue attracted immediate attention of our group!  (We decided to censor the photo.)  In this forest, local residents danced to the beating of drums, whether solely for entertainment of the guests or other reasons is unknown.  Some other of our friends, Rich and Helma, were also there but were traveling on a different tour bus.
            After that, our bus moved on to the Museum of History, which contains a few artifacts related to slavery, such as chains and shackles; and drawings of African royalty, slaves, and slave ships.  Photography was not allowed inside the museum and passengers were quickly scolded when they attempted to photograph the artifacts.  Some ancient remains of cannons outside the museum reminded us that this had been a Portuguese fort, the Fort of St. John the Baptist of Ouidah.  Some side buildings had housed slaves while being held for transport to ships.
Sally with Python
            From the museum, our bus drove on to the Temple of Sacred Pythons.  Here was a small building housing a pit containing many python snakes.  Sally heard our guide say that one type of python was called a whydah/ouidah, though his accent made her hearing (faulty at best!) questionable.  The pythons are called Royal pythons and are worshipped in Benin, especially in Ouidah.  The snakes are a totem in Benin and are important especially in the religion of voodoo.  [The snakes are not fed, but they are let out once a week, when they catch insects and rats.  Sometimes going to nearby houses that are accustomed to them, the snakes are returned if they remain out after 72 hours by the residents because all of the inhabitants of Ouidah are concerned about their divinity.  The snakes can live for 10, 20, or even 50 years.]  Those snakes that we saw appeared to be very sleepy!  Soon the guides were placing snakes around our necks, allowing enough time for someone to take a photo of the event.  Although it seemed dangerous, it was actually only very stressful.  (Jesse was in a big hurry for Sally to finish taking photos of him with the snake so that it could be unwound from his neck!)
Jesse with Python
            The temple is located across the street from the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, showing that residents here have no problem practicing both voodoo and Christianity or Islam.  [Pope Benedict XVI visited this church in Nov 2011.]
Door of no Return
            From the Temple of Sacred Pythons, our bus traveled down a nearby road (the “Route des Esclaves” or the Route of the Slaves), which is more than 4 miles long, by which slaves were force-marched from the fort to the beach.  Numerous statues and monuments, including the Door of no Return, a memorial arch, stand on the beach.  This was the last place slaves walked before embarking a slave ship for the torturous journey across the Atlantic; from that point they would never see their homeland or loved ones again.  According to Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 10.5 million African slaves were shipped to the New World, but only 388,000 of them were shipped directly to North America.  (Not all of these slaves were shipped from Ouidah.  However, West Africa was probably the ancestral home of most of the slaves that ended up in the U.S.)
            Although we thought our tour was finished, before returning to our ship we stopped very near the memorial arch on the property of a hotel, where we were provided snacks and a choice of drinks.
            Before visiting Benin, a talk had been given aboard, that was afterward shown on the ship’s TV, about the history of West Africa.  Included was this historical information:
             In the 1600’s and early 1700’s, the Kingdom of Dahomey, comprised mostly of Fon people, began taking over areas along the coast.  One African king, King Haffon, expanded his kingdom while taking many slaves.  By 1716, when the massive English slave ship the Whydah Galley arrived to purchase 500 slaves from King Haffron to sell in America, the kingdom of Whydan had become a large slave port in the Triangular Trade.  King Haffon received his coronation crown as a gift from Portugal; however, in 1727, the Kingdom of Whydah was captured by the forces of King Agaja of Dahomey. 
             The kings of Dahomey sold their war captives into transatlantic slavery.  By about 1750, the King of Dahomey was earning an estimated 250,000 pounds per year by selling African captives to European slave-traders.
             The Dahomey Kingdom was known for its culture and traditions.  For one, it was famous for instituting an elite female soldier corps in the early 18th century, called Ahosi (the king’s wives), and known by many Europeans as the Dahomean Amazons.  Although it is unknown why women became warriors, perhaps the original warriors were so outnumbered that women were conscripted, also.  Apparently, recruiting women into the Dahomean army was not especially difficult, despite the requirement to climb thorn hedges and risk life and limb in battle.  Most West African women lived lives of forced drudgery.  The female troops of Heso, a later king, lived in his compound and were kept well supplied with tobacco, alcohol and slaves.  To even touch these women meant death.
             In 1862, a British naval officer observed that women heavily outnumbered men in the towns of West Africa.  From the 1760’s until the 1840’s, there were about 600 women in the Dahomean army, but in the 1840’s, the corps increased to as many as 6,000 women.
             The Portuguese, English, Dutch, and French all constructed forts in the city of Ouidah to protect their interests in slaving.  The Portuguese had reached the town which they called Ajuda in 1580 and the Portuguese fort, now housing the Ouidah museum, dates from 1721, and remained with Portugal until 1961.
            We had been warned in advance that restroom facilities in Benin would be very basic – and they were – sometimes nothing more than an old-time American backhouse, and sometimes even less than that!  (However, passengers were usually grateful for whatever existed.)
            Since Sally had not slept well the previous night, she napped for a little while before dinner and we were asleep by 10:00 PM, skipping both swimming and dancing for the day!